1. Chronology and dates: Raja Ram Mohan Roy wrote 'Tuhfat-ul-Muwahhidin', a Persian work with an Arabic preface, around 1803–1804. It advocated monotheism and criticised religious dogma. He established the Atmiya Sabha in Calcutta in 1815. On 20 August 1828, he established the Brahmo Sabha in Calcutta, which became associated with the broader Brahmo Samaj movement. 2. Leaders, organizations and reform: Roy was a leading Indian socio-religious reformer. The Atmiya Sabha provided a forum for religious and social discussion, while the Brahmo movement promoted monotheism and challenged idolatry and social practices considered harmful. His campaign against sati contributed to the climate of reform; in 1829, Governor-General Lord William Bentinck's Bengal Sati Regulation, Regulation XVII, prohibited the practice in the Bengal Presidency. 3. Maharashtra context and significance: Roy's work was centred in Bengal, but his rationalist and reformist ideas formed part of the wider intellectual background of nineteenth-century Indian reform. In Maharashtra, the Prarthana Samaj was founded in Bombay in 1867 by Atmaram Pandurang; Mahadev Govind Ranade and Ramakrishna Gopal Bhandarkar later became prominent figures. The Prarthana Samaj was distinct from both the Atmiya Sabha and the Brahmo movement, although all formed part of the wider history of socio-religious reform.