The correct answer is Only (b) and (c) Explanation & Key Takeaways: Changes introduced by the 44th Amendment Act of 1978 to the Emergency Provisions: • Empowered the President to send back once, the advice of the Cabinet for reconsideration. Hence statement b is correct. • It substituted the words ‘armed rebellion’ for ‘internal disturbance’. • Originally, the Constitution mentioned ‘internal disturbance’ as the third ground for the proclamation of a National Emergency, but the expression was too vague and had a wider connotation. • It introduced a safeguard that the President can proclaim a national emergency only after receiving a written recommendation from the cabinet. • It deleted the provision which enabled the declaration of a National Emergency immune from the judicial review • The six Fundamental Rights under Article 19 can be suspended only when the National Emergency is declared on the ground of war or external aggression and not on the ground of armed rebellion. • The President cannot suspend the right to move the Court for the enforcement of fundamental rights guaranteed by Articles 20 to 21. • In other words, the right to protection in respect of conviction for offenses (Article 20) and the right to life and personal liberty (Article 21) remain enforceable even during an emergency. • Every resolution approving the proclamation of emergency or its continuance must be passed by either House of Parliament by a special majority. • Previously, the such resolution could be passed by a simple majority of the Parliament. Related Concepts: • The All India Judicial Service was first proposed by the 14th report of the Law Commission in 1958. • The 42nd Constitutional amendment in 1976 amended Article 312 (1) empowering Parliament to make laws for the creation of one or more All-India Services, including an AIJS, common to the Union and the States. Hence statement a is incorrect. • 42nd amendment Act 1976 shifted below mentioned five subjects from the State list to Concurrent List: • Education. • Forests. • Protection of wild animals and birds. • Weights and measures and. • Administration of justice, constitution, and organisation of all courts except the Supreme Court and the High Courts.