The correct answer is Constitution. Explanation & Key Takeaways: • The jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in India is explicitly outlined and guaranteed by the Constitution of India. • It derives its authority from Articles 124 to 147 of the Constitution, which detail its powers, functions, and responsibilities. • The Supreme Court has original jurisdiction, appellate jurisdiction, and advisory jurisdiction as per the Constitution. • It serves as the guardian of the Constitution and ensures the protection of fundamental rights under Part III of the Constitution. • The independence and functioning of the Supreme Court are safeguarded to uphold the principle of separation of powers and judicial autonomy. Related Concepts: • Original Jurisdiction: The Supreme Court has exclusive jurisdiction in cases involving disputes between the Union and states or between states, as per Article 131. • Appellate Jurisdiction: It allows the Supreme Court to hear appeals in constitutional, civil, and criminal cases from lower courts, under Articles 132, 133, and 134. • Advisory Jurisdiction: As per Article 143, the President of India can seek the Supreme Court's opinion on matters of public importance or constitutional interpretation. • Judicial Review: The Supreme Court ensures the constitutionality of laws and executive actions through judicial review, a key feature of the Indian Constitution. • Public Interest Litigation (PIL): The Supreme Court allows citizens to file PILs to address issues of public concern, ensuring greater access to justice.