Correct Answer Original The power of the Supreme Court of India to decide the disputes between the Centre and States falls under Original Jurisdiction. Explanation & Key Takeaways: Original Jurisdiction • As a Federal court, the Supreme Court decides disputes between different units of the Indian Federation. • More elaborately, any dispute between: • The Centre and one or more states • The Centre and any state or states on one side and one or more states on the other • Between two or more states • In the above federal disputes, the Supreme Court has exclusive original jurisdiction. • Hence, option 4 is the correct answer. Important Notes: Appellate Jurisdiction • The Supreme Court is primarily a court of appeal and hears appeals against the judgments of the lower courts. • It enjoys a wide appellate jurisdiction which can be classified under four heads: • Appeals in constitutional matters • Appeals in civil matters • Appeals in criminal matters • Appeals by special leave Advisory Jurisdiction • The Constitution under Article 143 authorizes the President to seek the opinion of the Supreme Court in the two categories of matters: • On any question of law or fact of public importance which has arisen or which is likely to arise • On any dispute arising out of any pre-constitution treaty, agreement, covenant, engagement, sanador other similar instruments