The correct answer is FSH, LH, estrogen and progesterone. Key Points • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH): FSH is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and plays a crucial role in the menstrual cycle. It stimulates the growth and maturation of ovarian follicles in the ovary. This is essential for the development of the egg, making it ready for ovulation. Correct. • Luteinizing hormone (LH): LH, also secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, triggers ovulation. It is responsible for the release of the matured egg from the ovarian follicle. After ovulation, LH supports the corpus luteum formation, which secretes progesterone. Correct. • Estrogen: Estrogen is produced by the growing ovarian follicles. This hormone helps in the thickening of the uterine lining (endometrium) during the proliferative phase of the menstrual cycle. It prepares the uterus for potential implantation of an embryo. Correct. • Progesterone: Progesterone is secreted by the corpus luteum after ovulation. It maintains the uterine lining during the luteal phase and supports pregnancy if fertilization occurs. If pregnancy does not occur, progesterone levels drop, leading to the shedding of the uterine lining (menstruation). Correct. • Hence, the correct answer is FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone. Additional Information • Menstrual Cycle Overview: • Menstrual cycle duration: The menstrual cycle typically lasts for 28 days, but it can range between 21 to 35 days for many individuals. • Phases of the cycle: It consists of three main phases: the follicular phase, the ovulatory phase, and the luteal phase. • Hormones and their Roles: • FSH and LH: Both are gonadotropins produced by the anterior pituitary gland. They regulate ovarian follicle development and ovulation. • Estrogen: Produced by the ovarian follicles, estrogen helps in the regeneration of the uterine lining. • Progesterone: Secreted by the corpus luteum, it maintains the uterine lining for a potential pregnancy. • Additional Hormones: • Testosterone: Although primarily a male hormone, women produce small amounts of testosterone, which contributes to libido and energy levels. • Cortisol: Known as the stress hormone, cortisol can indirectly affect the menstrual cycle by influencing other hormonal balances. Important Points • Menstrual Cycle Disorders: • Amenorrhea: Absence of menstruation, which could be due to hormonal imbalances or medical conditions. • Dysmenorrhea: Painful menstruation, often caused by uterine contractions or hormonal changes. • Irregular cycles: Caused by stress, lifestyle changes, or underlying medical issues. • Reproductive Health Considerations: • Age: Menstrual cycles generally begin during puberty (around age 11-14) and continue until menopause (around age 45-55). • Pregnancy: Hormones like estrogen and progesterone play a vital role in maintaining pregnancy, while FSH and LH are suppressed during this period.