📌 Detailed Analysis & Key Provisions: • Government of India Act, 1919: • In 1918, Edwin Montagu, the Secretary of State, and Lord Chelmsford, the Viceroy, produced their scheme of constitutional reforms, known as the Montagu-Chelmsford (or Mont-Ford) Reforms, which led to the enactment of the Government of India Act of 1919. • Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms came into force in 1921. • The sole purpose of this Act was to ensure Indians of their representation in the Government. • The Act introduced reforms at the Central as well as Provincial levels of Government. • Salient Features: • The Central Legislature was made more powerful and more representative by this Act. Hence, Option 2 is correct. • The Act made the Governor-General the chief executive authority. • There had to be the Executive Council of the Viceroy of six members, out of which three were to be Indians. • The Act introduced a bicameral legislature; the Lower House or Central Legislative Assembly and the Upper House or Council of State. • The legislators, under the new reforms, could now ask questions and supplementary, pass adjournment motions and vote a part of the budget, but 75% of the budget was still not votable. • The legislature had virtually no control over the Governor-General and his Executive Council. • The Act introduced diarchy (rule of two individuals/parties) for the executive at the level of the provincial government. • The provincial governments were given more powers under the system of Dyarchy. • The governor was to be the executive head of the province. 💡 Memory Booster / Shortcut Trick: • Mnemonic: 'Year 1919 = The Central Legislature was made more powerful and more representative by this Act.'. In Modern Indian / Maharashtra History, link Year 1919 directly with 'The Central Legislature was made more powerful and more representative by this Act.'. 🗺️ Memory Map / Concept Flow: • Concept Flow: National movement (1919 - 1939) ➔ Core Anchor ➔ 'The Central Legislature was made more powerful and more representative by this Act.' ➔ Commission-Standard Exam Association. ⚠️ Exam Trap: • Exam Trap: Candidates frequently confuse Option 3 ('The Provincial Legislature was made weaker and more representative by this Act.') with Option 2 ('The Central Legislature was made more powerful and more representative by this Act.'). Distinguish the exact context before marking. 🎯 Option Elimination: • 🎯 Option Elimination Strategy: • Option 1 ('The Act introduced diarchy at central level.'): Incorrect. As per official verified records, 'The Central Legislature was made more powerful and more representative by this Act.' is the valid fact. • Option 3 ('The Provincial Legislature was made weaker and more representative by this Act.'): Incorrect. As per official verified records, 'The Central Legislature was made more powerful and more representative by this Act.' is the valid fact. • Option 4 ('The Act made the Secreatary-General the chief executive authority.'): Incorrect. As per official verified records, 'The Central Legislature was made more powerful and more representative by this Act.' is the valid fact. • Conclusion: Hence, eliminating incorrect options leads to Option 2 ('The Central Legislature was made more powerful and more representative by this Act.').