The correct answer is Charter Act of 1813 – Financial provision for education. Explanation & Key Takeaways: • Charter Act of 1813: • The Charter Act of 1813 was a landmark act in Indian education history as it provided the first-ever financial provision for education in India. • It allocated a sum of 1 lakh rupees annually for the promotion of education in British India, marking the beginning of state-sponsored education. • This provision was aimed at promoting Western education and science in India. • Statement 1 is correct. • Macaulay’s Minute (1835): • Thomas Babington Macaulay, in his famous Minute on Indian Education in 1835, advocated the promotion of Western education and suggested that the funds allocated should not be spent on promoting classical languages like Sanskrit and Persian. • Macaulay’s emphasis was on imparting education in the English language, rather than promoting Sanskrit studies. Thus, the statement linking Macaulay's Minute with Sanskrit studies is incorrect. • Serampore Mission: • The Serampore Mission, led by missionaries such as William Carey, Joshua Marshman, and William Ward, was primarily involved in the promotion of vernacular education and the translation of religious texts. • It was not associated with elite military education. Hence, this statement is incorrect. • Orientalist–Anglicist Debate: • The Orientalist–Anglicist Debate was a heated discussion on whether education in India should focus on traditional Indian knowledge (Orientalist view) or Western education and English language (Anglicist view). • This debate was not settled by the Charter Act of 1833. Instead, it was largely addressed by Macaulay’s Minute in 1835. Thus, this statement is incorrect. Related Concepts: • Charter Act of 1813: • This was the first time that the British Parliament recognized the responsibility of the East India Company to promote education in India. • The Act marked a shift towards a more organized and state-sponsored approach to education in India. • Macaulay’s Minute (1835): • Macaulay was a strong proponent of Western education and believed in producing a class of Indians who would be "Indian in blood and color, but English in taste, in opinions, in morals, and in intellect." • His views eventually led to the adoption of English as the medium of instruction in Indian educational institutions. • Serampore Mission: • The missionaries of Serampore were instrumental in translating the Bible into various Indian languages and promoting vernacular education. • They established the Serampore College in 1818 to educate Indians in various disciplines, including theology. • Orientalist–Anglicist Debate: • The Orientalists, including figures like William Jones and H.T. Colebrooke, argued for the preservation and promotion of traditional Indian learning. • The Anglicists, led by Macaulay, advocated for the adoption of Western education and English as the medium of instruction. • The debate was resolved in favor of the Anglicists with the implementation of Macaulay’s recommendations in 1835. Important Notes: • Charter Act of 1813: This was the first instance of state intervention in education in India, setting the stage for future educational policies. • Macaulay’s Minute: It laid the foundation for the Western education system in India, which continues to influence the Indian education system to this day. • Serampore Mission: It played a significant role in the promotion of vernacular education and the translation of texts into Indian languages. • Orientalist–Anglicist Debate: This debate highlighted the differing perspectives on the nature and medium of education to be imparted in colonial India.