The correct answer is option 4 Explanation & Key Takeaways: • Rash Behari Bose was associated with the Ghadar Party. Hence, Option 3 is Correct. • Rash Behari Bose • He was born in Bardhawan, West Bengal. Although he was more interested in revolutionary activities, he earned a degree in medical science and engineering. • Bose learned the tricks of making crude bombs even before he had passed matriculation. • His sacrifices and organisational skills formed a big part in India’s struggle for independence. • He was one of the key organisers of Ghadar revolution that aimed to attack the British army from the inside. It helped in activating an uprising in India. • He also played a crucial role in organising the Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj). • He performed a key role in establishing the Indian Independence League. • He attempted to assassinate Lord Hardinge by throwing a bomb at his parade in Delhi on December 23, 1912. • He escaped the arrest but several of his confidants were arrested and hanged for the famous Lahore Conspiracy Case. • Rash Behari Bose escaped from India in 1915 and lived in Japan as an escapee. In 1943, he handed over the charge of Azad Hind Fauj to Subhas Chandra Bose. • The Japanese government had honoured him with the ‘Order of the Rising Sun’. Important Notes: Barindra Kumar Ghosh • The younger brother of Sri Aurobindo Ghosh, was an Indian revolutionary and journalist. Being born in England, he received education in Deoghar and military training from Baroda. • He was highly influenced by Aurobindo and thus, joined the revolutionary movement. He was actively associated with Jatindra Nath Banerjee (a prominent freedom fighter, also known as Niralamba Swami). • In the year 1906, Barindra Kumar published the Bengali weekly Jugantar. Later, the secret revolutionary arm Jugantar was formed under the guise of a fitness club in Bengal. • He, along with Jatindranath Mukherjee, was instrumental in recruiting young revolutionaries. Maniktala, Kolkata, emerged as a secret place where the revolutionaries used to manufacture bombs, and collected arms and ammunition. In the intensive police investigation following the murder attempt of Magistrate Douglas Kingsford (1908), Barindra and Aurobindo were arrested on 2nd May 1908 along with other freedom fighters. • In the Alipore Bomb Case, Barindra Ghosh and Ullaskar Dutta (a member of the Jugantar party) were sentenced to death. With the intervention of Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das, the sentence was reduced to life imprisonment. • In 1909, Barindra Kumar was deported to the Cellular Jail, Andaman. Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee • He was born in 1895 and initially joined Anushilan Samiti of Bengal, later he became part of the Hindustan Republican Association/ Army (HRA). He remained imprisoned. • The members of the HRA once planned to free him but the plan failed. Later he joined Revolutionary Socialist Party (RSP) and remained with it till 1953. He became a Rajya Sabha member from the Congress party in 1956 and died as MP on 2 April 1960. • Ghadr Party • The Ghadr Party was a revolutionary group organised around a weekly newspaper The Ghadr with its headquarters at Francisco and branches along the US coast and in the Far East • The ultimate object of the revolutionaries is not terrorism but revolution and the purpose of the revolution is to install a national government. • .These revolutionaries included mainly ex-soldiers and peasants who had migrated from Punjab to the USA and Canada in search of better employment opportunities. • They were based in the US and Canadian cities along the western (Pacific) coast. Pre-Ghadr revolutionary activity had been carried on by Ramdas Puri, G.D. Kumar, Taraknath Das, Sohan Singh Bhakna and Lala Hardayal who reached there in 1911. • To carry out revolutionary activities, the earlier activists had set up a ‘Swadesh Sevak Home’ at Vancouver and ‘United India House’ at Seattle. Finally in 1913, the Ghadr was established