The correct answer is option 4. Explanation & Key Takeaways: • Alexander Dow promoted a mercantilist view. • He stressed the idea of private ownership and opined that through Permanent Settlement and the zamindars as strong supporters Company could aspire for total control over the region and promote public prosperity. • Earlier in Bengal due to the unfair practices of the Company and later the forceful confiscation of the revenue system led to a deterioration in agricultural and production sectors leading to economic decline. • According to him, there is the principle of mercantilism in the permanent settlement system. Hence, option 1 not is correct. • In 1785, under the provisions of Pitt's India Act, Madras became one of three provinces established by the East India Company. • Thereafter, the head of the area was styled "Governor" rather than "President" and became subordinate to the Governor-General in Calcutta, a title that would persist until 1947. • In 1785 East India Company was empowered with civil authority in Madras Province. Hence, option 2 is not correct. • Lord Cornwallis declared the permanent settlement system on 22 March 1793 in Bengal Province. Hence, option 3 is not correct. • Pringale was appointed as Assistant Revenue Collector in Pune District in 1823. Hence, option 4 is correct.