The correct answer is (b), (c), (a), (d) Explanation & Key Takeaways: • Gandhi Irwin Pact: • Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed between Mahatma Gandhi and Viceroy Lord Irwin in London on 5 March 1931. • Important features of this pact: • INC would agree to discontinue the Civil Disobedience Movement. • The Congress would agree to join the second Round Table Conference. • British would withdraw all orders imposing curbs on the activities of the Indian National Congress. • British also agreed to withdraw trials relating to several offenses except those involving violence and the release of prisoners arrested for participating in the civil disobedience movement. • It was also agreed that the British would remove the tax on salt, which allowed Indians to produce, trade, and sell salt legally and for their use. • Nehru Report(1928): • Nehru Report was headed by Motilal Nehru. • The challenge was accepted by the Congress, which convened an all-party meeting on 28 February 1928. • A committee consisting of 8 was constituted to draw up a blueprint for the future constitution of India. • The committee comprised Tej Bahadur Sapru, Ali Imam, M.S. Aney, Mangal Singh, Shoaib Querishi, G.R Pradhan and Subhas Chandra Bose. • The Report favored: • Dominion Status as the next immediate step. • Full responsible government at the centre. • Autonomy to the provinces. • Clear cut division of power between the centre and the provinces. • A bicameral legislature at the center. • During the presentation in Calcutta, a violent clash took place between Jinnah and M.R. Jayakar on the former's demand for one-third of the total seats in the central legislatures for Muslims. • The leader of the Muslim League, Mohammad Ali Jinnah regarded it as detrimental to the interests of the Muslims. • Jinnah convened an All India Conference of the Muslims where he drew up a list of 14 points as Muslim League demand. • The First Round Table Conference: • The Conference was inaugurated by King George V on November 12, 1930, in London. • It was chaired by the British Prime Minister, Ramsay MacDonald. • From India, 58 political leaders and 16 members representing the princely states participated in the conference. • Leaders from India who participated in the conference: • Hindu Mahasabha: B.S Monjee and M.R.Jayakar. • Sikhs: Sardar Ujjal Singh. • Muslim League: Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Mohammed Shafi, Aga Khan. • Depressed classes: Dr BR Ambedkar, Rettamalai Srinivasan. • Indian National Congress didn't participate in the First Round Table conference. • The Viceroy of India was Irwin at that time. • Aim: • To create division between Indians through the "Divide and Rule" policy. • To discuss the constitutional reforms mentioned in the report of the Simon Commission. • To pacify the increase of nationalism in India under the leadership of Gandhi and the Indian National Congress. • Second Round Table Conference (1931): • It was held in London. • Gandhi & the Indian National Congress participated in it. • Participants: • The British PM James Ramsay Macdonald. • Indian National Congress: Mahatma Gandhi, Rangaswami Iyengar, Madan Mohan Malaviya. • Hindus: M R Jayakar. • Liberals: Tej Bahadur Sapru. • Depressed classes: Dr B R Ambedkar. • Muslims: Md. Ali Jinnah, Muhammad Iqbal etc. • Women: Sarojini Naidu etc. • The composition of Indian Federation held. • The structure of Federal Judiciary is recommended. • Distribution of financial resources. • Ramsay McDonald announced the formation of NWFP & Sindh. • The British granted a communal award for representing minorities in India by providing separate electorates for minority communities. • Gandhi & Ambedkar had different opinions on the issue of separate electorates for the untouchables. • Gandhi was against treating untouchables separate from the Hindu community. • This issue resulted in the Poona Pact of 1932. • Third Round Table Conference (1932): • Participants: • The INC & the Labour Party didn't attend it. • Only 46 delegates attended like Tej bahadur Sapru, and BR Ambedkar. • BR Ambedkar was the only person who attended all three conferences. • Communal Award (1932): • The communal award was announced by Ramsay Macdonald, the British PM. • Important features of this award are: • The separate electorate for the Muslims, Sikhs, Anglo Indians, Indian Christians, as well as the depressed classes. • 3 percent of seats were reserved for women. • 71 seats in total were reserved for the depressed classes in the provincial legislature. • Gandhi rejected it and then started fast unto death in Yervada Jail against this award.