The Correct answer is Partition of Bengal. Explanation & Key Takeaways: • In 1905, the British government, under the leadership of Lord Curzon, implemented the Partition of Bengal, dividing the province into two parts: East Bengal and Assam (predominantly Muslim) and West Bengal (predominantly Hindu). • The partition was officially justified as an administrative measure to improve governance, but it was perceived by Indians as an attempt to divide and rule by creating religious divisions among Hindus and Muslims. • This move sparked widespread outrage and protests across India, leading to the launch of the Swadeshi Movement, where Indians boycotted British goods and promoted indigenous products. • In a unique act of unity and solidarity, Hindus and Muslims tied 'Rakhi' on each other's hands to symbolize brotherhood and their joint opposition to the partition. • The partition was eventually annulled in 1911 due to the extensive protests, but it left behind a legacy of communal tensions. • The incident marked a significant step in the Indian freedom struggle and demonstrated the power of unity among different communities. Related Concepts: • Partition of Punjab • The Partition of Punjab occurred in 1947 as part of the partition of India and led to massive communal violence and migration of Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs. • It divided Punjab into two parts: West Punjab (Pakistan) and East Punjab (India). • Rowlatt Act • The Rowlatt Act of 1919 allowed the British government to imprison individuals suspected of revolutionary activities without trial for up to two years. • It led to widespread protests, including the infamous Jallianwala Bagh massacre. • Morley-Minto Reforms • The Morley-Minto Reforms, also known as the Indian Councils Act of 1909, introduced reforms to expand legislative councils in India. • It is notable for introducing the concept of separate electorates for Muslims, which was a significant step toward communal representation in Indian politics.