The correct answer is option 3. Explanation & Key Takeaways: • There were three major types of land revenue system in India- • Zamindari system • Ryotwari system • Mahalwari system • Zamindari system • It was introduced by Lord Cornwallis in 1793 through Permanent settlement. • It fixed the land rights of members in perpetuity without any provision for fixed rent or occupancy rights for farmers. • The land revenue was collected from farmers through intermediaries called Zamindars. They were recognised as permanent owners of land. Hence, statement 3 is incorrect. • The total land revenue which was collected by Zamindars was divided in such a way that 1/10 goes to Zamindars and rest 10/11 goes to government. • It was prevalent in Bengal, Bihar, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. • Farmers and Cultivators often take loan as the rent they paid to the zamindar was very high and on failing to pay the rent, they were evicted from the land • Ryotwari system - • It was devised by Captain Alexander Read and Thomas Munro in the 18^(th) century. • Under this system, land revenue was paid directly by the farmers i.e., middleman was eliminated. • Under Ryotwari system, each Cultivator was called ryot and had full rights regarding the land as long as they paid the rent. • It was prevalent in Southern part of India and was first introduced in Tamil Nadu and later extended to Maharashtra, Punjab, Coorg and Assam. • Mahalwari System- • It was devised by Holt Mackenzie in 1822 in the North Western provinces of Bengal. • Land revenue was collected from the farmers by the village headman on behalf of whole village. • The entire village was converted into one big unit called 'Mahal' and was treated as one unit for payment of revenue. • The revenue was revised periodically and was not fixed permanently. • It was later popularised by Lord William Bentick in Agra and Awadh.