The correct answer is 1764. Explanation & Key Takeaways: • The Battle of Buxar took place in 1764 between the British East India Company and a coalition of Indian rulers, which included Mir Qasim (the Nawab of Bengal), Shuja-ud-Daula (the Nawab of Awadh), and Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II. • The battle was fought at Buxar, which is located in present-day Bihar, India. • It marked a decisive victory for the British East India Company, consolidating their control over Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha and paving the way for British dominance in India. • The defeat of the Indian coalition resulted in the Treaty of Allahabad in 1765, where Shah Alam II granted the Diwani rights (revenue collection) of Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha to the British East India Company. • This battle is considered a turning point in Indian history as it established the British East India Company as a dominant power in India, fundamentally altering the political and economic landscape of the country. Related Concepts: • Historical Context: • The Battle of Buxar was preceded by the Battle of Plassey (1757), where the British East India Company defeated Siraj-ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal. • After Plassey, Mir Qasim replaced Mir Jafar as the Nawab of Bengal, but tensions arose between Mir Qasim and the British due to economic and administrative disputes. • Key Figures: • Mir Qasim: The Nawab of Bengal, who allied with Shuja-ud-Daula and Shah Alam II to resist British control. • Shuja-ud-Daula: The Nawab of Awadh, who supported Mir Qasim in the battle. • Shah Alam II: The Mughal Emperor, who was part of the coalition but eventually accepted British dominance after the defeat. • Impact of the Battle: • The Treaty of Allahabad established British control over Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha through the Diwani rights. • It marked the beginning of British fiscal and administrative dominance in India, leading to the exploitation of Indian resources. • The Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II became a pensioner of the British East India Company. • Economic Implications: • The British gained control over the revenue collection system, which allowed them to finance their military and administrative expenses in India. • The revenue from Bengal was used to fund British operations and expansion in other parts of India. • Geographical Significance: • Buxar: Located in present-day Bihar, it became a strategic location for the British victory. • The region around Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha became the economic and administrative hub for the British East India Company.