सविस्तर स्पष्टीकरण (Detailed Explanation):
अचूक उत्तर: पर्याय (2)
दिलेले:
90% पात्र मतदारांनी मतदान केले
10% मतदान अवैध ठरले
पराभूत उमेदवार = 12,960 मते = एकूण वैध मतांच्या 40%
वापरलेले सूत्र:
भाग = टक्केवारी x पूर्ण
वैध मते = दिलेली मते − अवैध मते
दिलेली मते = टक्केवारी x पात्र मतदार
गणना:
⇒ E = एकूण पात्र मतदार मानू
⇒ दिलेली मते = 90% x E = (90 ÷ 100) x E = 0.9 x E
⇒ वैध मते = दिलेली मते x (1 − 10%) = 0.9 x E x 0.9 = 0.81 x E
⇒ 40% x वैध मते = 12,960 ⇒ 0.4 x वैध मते = 12,960
⇒ वैध मते = 12,960 ÷ 0.4 = 32,400
⇒ 0.81 x E = 32,400
⇒ E = 32,400 ÷ 0.81 = 40,000
∴ योग्य उत्तर 40,000 आहे.
Shortcut Trick
Let the total enrolled voters be 100 units.
Cast votes = 90% of 100 = 90 units.
Valid votes = 90% of 90 (since 10% are invalid) = 81 units.
Losing candidate votes = 40% of 81 units = 32.4 units.
Given 32.4 units = 12,960 ⇒ 1 unit = 12,960 ÷ 32.4 = 400.
Total enrolled voters = 100 units × 400 = 40,000.
∴ The correct answer is 40,000.
Alternate Method
Given:
Percentage of eligible voters who cast votes = 90%
Percentage of invalid votes = 10%
Votes received by losing candidate = 12,960 (which is 40% of total valid votes)
Calculations:
⇒ Total Valid Votes = (Losing candidate votes ÷ 40) × 100
⇒ Total Valid Votes = (12,960 × 100) ÷ 40 = 32,400
⇒ Since 10% votes were invalid, 90% of cast votes were valid.
⇒ Cast Votes = (32,400 ÷ 90) × 100 = 36,000
⇒ Since 90% of eligible voters cast their votes:
⇒ Total enrolled voters = (36,000 ÷ 90) × 100 = 40,000
∴ The correct answer is 40,000.
Related Concepts:
Valid vs Invalid Votes
Only valid votes are considered for the distribution of votes between candidates. Total Votes = Valid Votes + Invalid Votes.
Effective Vote Percentage
If multiple conditions are applied, multiply the percentages: Final % = Enrolled × (Cast %) × (Valid %). Here, 100 × 0.90 × 0.90 = 81%.
Majority Margin
The majority margin is the difference between the votes received by the winner and the loser (Winner % − Loser %) × Total Valid Votes.
स्पष्टीकरण आकृती (Solution Visual Diagram):
Solution Diagram