The correct answer is Article 359. Explanation & Key Takeaways: • Article 359 of the Indian Constitution empowers the President to suspend the right to move any court for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights during the operation of a National Emergency. • The 44th Amendment Act of 1978 introduced a significant safeguard by stipulating that the President cannot suspend the right to move the court for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights guaranteed by Article 20 and Article 21. • Article 20 provides protection in respect of conviction for offences, while Article 21 guarantees the protection of life and personal liberty; these are considered the most basic rights that remain enforceable even during an emergency. • Unlike Article 358, which automatically suspends the freedoms under Article 19 (such as speech and assembly) upon a proclamation of emergency due to war or external aggression, Article 359 does not automatically suspend any rights. • Suspension under Article 359 only occurs when the President issues a specific Presidential Order naming the particular Fundamental Rights whose enforcement is to be suspended. • The Presidential Order must be submitted to each House of Parliament as soon as possible for approval after it is issued. Related Concepts: • Article 352: • Deals with the proclamation of a National Emergency by the President. • Such a proclamation can be made on the grounds of war, external aggression, or armed rebellion. • Article 353: • Describes the effects of the proclamation of emergency on the distribution of powers. • It grants the Union the authority to extend its executive power to give directions to any State. • Article 360: • Contains provisions regarding Financial Emergency. • It can be declared if the President is satisfied that the financial stability or credit of India or any part of its territory is threatened.