The correct answer is 1976. Explanation & Key Takeaways: • The Fundamental Duties were not part of the original Constitution of India adopted in 1949; they were added later to emphasize the obligations of citizens toward the nation. • These duties were incorporated through the 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act, which was passed by the Parliament in 1976 during the Internal Emergency. • The amendment was based on the recommendations of the Sardar Swaran Singh Committee, which suggested that citizens should be conscious of their duties while enjoying their Fundamental Rights. • By this amendment, a new Part IV-A and a new Article 51A were inserted into the Constitution, initially enumerating ten Fundamental Duties. • The idea of Fundamental Duties in the Indian Constitution was inspired by the Constitution of the erstwhile USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics). Related Concepts: • 42nd Constitutional Amendment Act: • Commonly referred to as the Mini-Constitution, it brought about the most extensive changes to the Indian Constitution to date. • Beyond duties, it amended the Preamble to include the terms Socialist, Secular, and Integrity. • 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002: • This amendment added the 11th Fundamental Duty to the existing list. • It mandates that parents or guardians provide educational opportunities to children between the ages of 6 and 14 years. • Nature of Fundamental Duties: • These duties are non-justiciable, meaning they cannot be enforced through legal proceedings in a court of law, similar to the Directive Principles of State Policy. • They serve as a reminder to citizens that while they enjoy rights, they also have social and moral responsibilities toward the country.