The correct answer is Judicial Review. Concept: • The Panchayati Raj system is the first tier or level of democratic government. • In 1992, the 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments were passed by the Parliament. • The 73rd Amendment is about rural local governments which are also known as Panchayati Raj Institutions. • Each state in the country has its own laws with regard to Panchayats. Explanation; The powers of Panchayati Raj institutions are: • Implementation of Land Reforms • Implementation of Poverty Alleviation Programmes. • Development and welfare functions at the local level. • Education, including primary and secondary schools, technical training and vocational education., adult and non-formal educational construction of libraries. • Sanitation and health-related activities. Important Notes: Judicial review • It is a feature of the High Court and Supreme court, according to which they can revisit and correct the laws made by law-making bodies. • This also guarantees them a right to revisit and check the legality of their own laws. ∴ The powers of Panchayati Raj Institutions in India are: • Implementation of Land Reforms-- Correct • Implementation of Poverty Alleviation Programmes-- Correct • Judicial review --Incorrect Related Concepts: • All States now have a uniform three-tier Panchayati Raj structure. • At the base is the ‘Gram Panchayat‘. • A Gram Panchayat covers a village or group of villages. • The intermediary level is the Mandal (also referred to as Block or Taluka). • These bodies are called Mandal or Taluka Panchayats. • The intermediary level body need not be constituted in smaller States. • At the apex is the Zilla Panchayat covering the entire rural area of the District. • The amendment also made a provision for the mandatory creation of the Gram Sabha. • The Gram Sabha would comprise all the adult members registered as voters in the Panchayat area.