The correct answer is Madam Blavatsky. Explanation & Key Takeaways: • The Theosophical Society was founded by Madame H. P. Blavatsky and Colonel Olcott in New York in 1875. Hence, option 4 is the correct answer. • In 1882, the headquarters of the Society were established in Adyar, near Madras (now Chennai) in India. • Theosophy was a philosophy combining mysticism and spiritualism (with heavy influences from Buddhist and Hindu thought) with metaphysics. • Society was fashioned as a 'brotherhood' promoting unity. • Society was also concerned with preparing the world for the coming of the 'World Teacher' when he arrived on Earth. Related Concepts: • The term "Theosophy" comes from the Greek theosophia, which is composed of two words: theos ("god," "gods," or "divine") and sophia ("wisdom"). • Theosophia, therefore, may be translated as the "wisdom of the gods," "wisdom in things divine," or "divine wisdom". • The word "theosophy" was first used in writing during the 3rd to the 6th century of our era by the Alexandrian Neo-Platonic philosophers. • In the last quarter of the 19th century Mme. Blavatsky, Col. Olcott, and a group of like-minded people founded the Theosophical Society, thus bringing the term back into the light again.