Option 2 is not correct. Explanation & Key Takeaways: India's population and urbanisation: • Urbanization is an index of transformation from traditional rural economies to modern industrial ones. It is a long-term process. • At the moment, India is among the countries with a low level of urbanization. • Only 28% of the population was living in urban areas as per the 2001 census. • India's urbanization is often termed over-urbanisation or pseudo- urbanization. • Urbanisation is a product of demographic explosion and poverty-induced rural-urban migration. Hence, statement 3 is correct. • Globalisation, liberalization, and privatization are addressing the negative process of urbanization in India. • Poverty-led migration has induced very poor quality of urbanization followed by misery, poverty, unemployment, exploitation, the rapid growth of slums, inequalities, and degradation in the quality of urban life. Hence, statement 2 is not correct. • An increase in the standard of living with urbanisation may not happen due to poor urbanisation and Management. • There is a negative relationship between urbanisation and the population below the poverty line. Hence, statement 4 is correct. • Often, urbanisation is also correlated with economic development. • The Union Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) had in 2019 estimated urban and rural per capita income in terms of Net Value Added (NVA) to be Rs 98,435 in urban areas and Rs 40,925 in rural areas, respectively. It is more than double in urban areas. One would, thus, assume that urbanisation is perfectly correlated with economic development. Hence, statement 1 is correct. Note - This Question was cancelled by MPSC in the Final Answer key. Reference: Q.No.46, Set A, MPSC Non-Gazetted Group B Combined Prelims 2021 (26th Feb. 2022) Question Paper, Final Answer key We have made the required changes in option 3 to make the question correct.