The correct option is Only b,c, and d. Explanation & Key Takeaways: Commercialization of Agriculture • The commercialization of Indian agriculture started post-1813 when the industrial revolution in England gained pace. It became prominent around 1860 A.D, during the American Civil War which boosted the demand for Cotton from India. • Crops like cotton, jute, sugarcane, ground nuts, tobacco, opium, etc. which had a high demand in the market were increasingly cultivated. The beginning of the plantation crops like Tea, coffee, rubber, indigo, etc heralded a new era in agricultural practices in India. • Most of the plantations of commercial crops were controlled by the Britishers. • Commercialization of Indian agriculture resulted in a decreased area under food crops. Related Concepts: Economic policies of British • The economic policies of the British resulted in the rapid transformation of India's economy into a colonial economy, the nature and structure of which were determined by the needs of the British economy. The economic policies adopted had different impacts at different stages and it has been identified as three different phases: Commercial Capitalism, Industrial capitalism, and Finance Capitalism.