The correct answer is 1. Key Points • Statement A: A key highlight of the Union Budget 2025-26 is the launch of a Nuclear Energy Mission, which is focused on research and development of Small Modular Reactors (SMRs). This statement is correct as the Government of India has proposed a Nuclear Energy Mission in the Union Budget 2025-26. The focus on Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) aligns with the global trend of adopting advanced and efficient nuclear energy technologies to meet energy demands sustainably. • Statement B: To facilitate the implementation of the Nuclear Energy Mission, amendments to the Atomic Energy Act and Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act will be taken up by the Parliament. This statement is correct. While the launch of the Nuclear Energy Mission has been announced, there is no official confirmation or proposal regarding amendments to the Atomic Energy Act or the Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act at this point. • Statement C: These Amendments are expected to encourage foreign sector investments in nuclear power projects. This statement is incorrect because there is no evidence or official announcement that such amendments are planned or that they aim specifically to encourage foreign sector investments. However, fostering private or international investment in nuclear energy may indirectly align with the broader goals of the Nuclear Energy Mission. • From the above analysis, it is evident that only Statement A is correct. Hence, the correct answer is 1. Additional Information • Nuclear Energy Mission: • The Nuclear Energy Mission aims to accelerate research and development in nuclear technology to meet India’s growing energy demands. It includes a focus on Small Modular Reactors (SMRs), which are compact, scalable, and safer compared to traditional nuclear reactors. • SMRs are considered a game-changer in nuclear technology because they can be deployed in remote or smaller areas and have lower initial capital costs. These reactors are also aligned with India’s sustainability goals and commitments under international agreements like the Paris Agreement. • Atomic Energy Act: • The Atomic Energy Act, 1962, governs the development, control, and use of atomic energy in India. It provides a legal framework for nuclear energy production and safety measures. • Any amendment to this Act would require legislative approval and could potentially open up the nuclear sector to private or foreign investments. • Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act: • The Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act, 2010, establishes the liability framework for nuclear damage and ensures compensation for victims in the event of a nuclear accident. • This Act has been a point of contention for foreign investors due to its stringent liability provisions. Amendments could potentially make the sector more attractive to international players. Important Points • Small Modular Reactors (SMRs): • SMRs have a capacity of up to 300 MW, making them suitable for small-scale applications. They are designed for enhanced safety with features like passive cooling systems. • These reactors are particularly advantageous for countries like India with diverse geographical needs and a focus on reducing carbon emissions while meeting energy demands. • Global Context: • Several countries, including the USA, Canada, and the UK, are investing heavily in SMR technology to modernize their energy infrastructure. • India's focus on SMRs under the Nuclear Energy Mission aligns with these global trends and can position the country as a leader in advanced nuclear technology.